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I am going to write a short series of posts about phrasal verbs. Phrasal verbs are formed with a verb and a preposition (前置詞). For example :

look = 見る / look + for = look for = 探す

It is usually difficult to guess the meaning of the phrasal verb just by looking at the verb and preposition, so you need to memorize phrasal verbs carefully.

Phrasal verbs are divided into four different types depending on whether or not they take an object (目的語), and on the position (位置) of the object. In this post, we are going to look at some Type 1 phrasal verbs.

Type 1 phrasal verbs do not need an object. Here is a list of some Type 1 phrasal verbs, and then some sentences to demonstrate their meanings :

look out / get by / keep on / barge in / join in / break down / make up

• “Look out! There’s a police car coming!”　（危ない！・気をつけて！）
• “It’s hard to get by in Tokyo without a decent job.”　（生活が（経済的に）しにくい）
• “I’m getting by.”　（何とか生活が出来ているけど余裕があまりない）
• “We’ll just have to keep on trying.”　（～し続ける）
• “He barges in without any consideration for people.”　（乱入する）
• “Do you mind if I join in?”　（参加する・入る）
• “He called to say he would be late - his car has broken down.”　（故障する・動けなくなる）
• “We argue a lot, but usually make up pretty quickly.” （仲直りをする）

Which of these phrasal verbs would you use to complete these sentences. Listen to the audio to check the answers…

1. Even though I was exhausted, I had to _____ ___ working.
2. He’s so insensitive - he just ______ ___ and expects everyone to be interested in what he has to say.
3. I’m not so well-paid, but I make enough to _____ ___.
4. ____ ___! There’s a car coming!
5. They had a row (けんか) yesterday and still haven’t _____ ___.

Next time we’ll be looking at Type 2 phrasal verbs, so please check back soon!